It did not take long in Ghana to gain a deep appreciation for the innovative spirit which is so common in the country, and for that matter throughout West Africa. The most common means of transportation when I first arrived in Ghana in 1971 were lorries with colourful slogans, designed to carry human or other cargo or a combination. The truck chassis on which they sat was built by the Bedford company in England, often assembled in Ghana. Local tradesmen built the boxes, constructed in such a way that wooden planks could be installed as seating for human cargo. These could easily be removed for other types of cargo, most often produce going to or from local markets including live chickens and occasionally goats.
The stiff leaf springs of the truck chassis did not lend themselves to comfortable riding, especially on the rough dirt roads which were the norm in those days. Hence the name “bone shakers” came into being. The lorries were mostly used by women going to and from market with their produce – the common phrase “mammy lorry” was used out of respect for the important role in the country’s economy played by these women.

36″x48″ Acrylic on panel
This year I decided to paint a series of Mammie lorries as my way of paying tribute to a critical means of transport in the past as well as to the market women and the lorry drivers and their mates.

24″x36″ Acrylic on panel
This lorry, “Black Power” was based in Half Assini, the village in which I lived. In this scene it is pulling in beside the market, likely on a busy market day.

24″x36″ Acrylic on panel
The lorry sitting to the left in the fitter’s (mechanic’s) shop in Half Assini was repaired and waiting for the driver to take it away. The bus with the slogan “The Poor Shall Rise” was not so fortunate. It was one of the new buses which were slowly being introduced to the country to provide a more comfortable ride for passengers. This particular one was owned by a co-operative formed by teachers who lost their teaching jobs after the coup which overthrew the Kwame Nkrumah government. Unfortunately for them, the economy of the country fell into a slump under subsequent governments and due to lack of foreign currency, spare parts were not available. This bus sat for the two years I was teaching in the town.

24″x36″ Acrylic on panel
This lorry box “Never Lose Hope” sat outside the back wall of the Half Assini market, waiting forlornly in the hope a new truck chases could be found.

24″x36″ Acrylic on panel
I snapped a quick shot of this lorry one day when I was passing through the coastal town of Elmina in the Central Region of Ghana. I always enjoyed reading the slogans on passing lorries. They were often humorous and reflected the personality of their drivers and the philosophy of society at the time The practise of adding slogans to buses and taxies continues in Ghana. Unfortunately, in my personal view, these slogan nowadays more often reflect the heavy influence of the evangelical Christianity which now pervades much of Ghanian society.





















































